First I will start with the names of each of the clubs and in the order they are used by the distance in which they can go. It all depends on how strong you are or how good of a swing you have, but ultimately you always start off of the tee. The basic set of clubs in order are as follows:
Driver-Is the club you hit the farthest
3 Wood-Is the next club in your bag
4 Iron
5 Iron
6 Iron
7 Iron
8 Iron
9 Iron
Pitch Wedge-Is the shortest club in the bag
Each and Everyone of these clubs goes down in increments as you choose each club going down this list from the Driver to the Pitching Wedge. It is also important for me to start you off with the basic unit that the game of golf uses which happens to be in Yards. This is the main unit that all golfers must understand because if you understand the "Yardages" you can use each of these clubs to your advantage.
Here is a picture of a beginner set of clubs I have around my house. This would be the best set to have to start playing the game.
